As climate change accelerates, our cultural heritage — the monuments, landscapes, traditions, and local knowledge that define who we are — is increasingly at risk. From ancient ruins to indigenous wisdom, these irreplaceable assets are being damaged or lost due to floods, droughts, storms, and other hydroclimatic extremes.
A new policy brief, Integrating Water, Climate and Heritage in Policy Action, calls for urgent and coordinated action to address this growing threat. It outlines how protecting heritage must become a key part of climate adaptation strategies, especially as water-related hazards are now the leading cause of heritage degradation worldwide.
The paper highlights several priorities for action:
Stronger funding mechanisms, including a proposed European Heritage Resilience Fund
Interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, conservationists, and local communities
Innovative technologies, such as AI-driven monitoring and flood-resistant materials
Living labs that bring together research and real-world community solutions
Empowerment of local stakeholders, ensuring that traditional knowledge is not lost but integrated into modern planning
Protecting cultural heritage isn’t just about preserving the past — it’s essential for building resilient, inclusive, and sustainable futures. Heritage connects us, grounds us, and offers powerful tools for climate adaptation. By acting now, we can ensure that it continues to inspire and support generations to come.
Foresight’ is an impactful methodology for strategic thinking, enabling us to plan for extreme events, and not along the current path. In January, AQUA Legacy was invited to join two workshops looking at foresight for the future of water management, one in Paris with the French government, the second with Water 4 All in Helsinki. Both workshops came up with a series of different futures.
Veronique Briquet-Laugier attended the conference led by France Stratégie, the French government’s think tank. They have released a foresight exercise study titled “What is the evolution of water demand by 2050?”, launched on the 21st of January in Paris, which aims to anticipate future water-related challenges and inform policymaking.
In parallel, Amanda Loeffen joined the Water 4 All workshop, whereby the participants represented experts in water governance, economic development, and technological research institutions. The two-day event called on the experts to develop five potential scenarios for water trends globally, based on a series of facilitated steps.
Scenarios for Future Water Demand
For reference, France Stratégie anticipates three distinct Scenarios for Future Water Demand:
1. The Trend-Based Scenario assumes a continuation of current consumption patterns without significant changes.
2. The Public Policy Scenario simulates the implementation of recently announced public policies, including measures from the National Low-Carbon Strategy (SNBC).
3. The Disruptive Scenario envisions a shift towards water-efficient practices, inspired partly by the territorial cooperation scenario developed by ADEME (French Agency for Ecological Transition).
In the first trend-based scenario, the overall demand in water in France stagnates and there is an increase of +1%. While in the two other scenarios, the public policy and the disruptive one, there is a decrease of -24% and -47%, respectively.
A notable finding of this study is the projected increase in agricultural irrigation demand, which is expected to become the primary water consumer, surpassing the energy sector. This shift is particularly significant as irrigation consumes a larger proportion of the water it withdraws due to plant evapotranspiration.
The water consumption (the portion of withdrawn water that is not directly returned to the environment) is projected to: double (+102%) in the trend-based scenario; increase significantly (+72%) in the public policy scenario; or, increase moderately (+10%) in the disruptive scenario.
This prospective study by France Stratégie serves as an important tool for policymakers and stakeholders in the water sector. It underscores the need for proactive measures to manage water resources effectively in the face of climate change and evolving societal needs. The report suggests that without significant policy interventions, France could face substantial increases in water consumption, particularly during critical summer months. However, the “disruptive” scenario demonstrates that with ambitious water conservation measures, it may be possible to mitigate these increases.
The study’s findings highlight the importance of tailored, region-specific approaches to water management. It also emphasizes the need for a shift in agricultural practices, as irrigation is projected to become the dominant water consumer.
Figure 2. Division of France into forty watersheds
As France and other countries grapple with the challenges of climate change and resource management, this study provides valuable insights for developing sustainable water policies. These three scenarios offer a range of possible futures, allowing decision-makers to better understand the potential consequences of different policy choices and societal trends.
Ultimately, this prospective study serves as a call to action, urging policymakers, industries, and citizens to consider the long-term implications of water usage patterns and to work towards more sustainable water management practices.
Involving local communities in water management projects is crucial, especially in areas with rich cultural heritage. This approach not only ensures more sustainable outcomes but also helps preserve traditional knowledge and practices.
The Subak System in Bali: A UNESCO World Heritage
Bali’s Subak system, a traditional cooperative water management system for paddy fields, demonstrates the power of community-based approaches. Recognized by UNESCO, this system integrates water management with religious and cultural practices. Moreover, modern conservation efforts focus on supporting this traditional system while addressing contemporary challenges like urbanization and climate change.
Rainwater Harvesting in India: Reviving Traditional Practices
In Rajasthan, India, efforts to revive traditional rainwater harvesting techniques have led to significant improvements in water availability. Specifically, the revival of johads (small earthen check dams) and other traditional structures has been led by local communities, combining ancestral knowledge with modern understanding of hydrology.
The Maori Approach: Cultural Values in Water Management
In New Zealand, the incorporation of Maori cultural values and practices into water management policies has led to more holistic and sustainable approaches. The concept of kaitiakitanga (guardianship) informs water management decisions, emphasizing the interconnectedness of people and the environment.
Conclusion
These examples show how community involvement and respect for traditional practices can lead to more effective and culturally appropriate water management solutions. By bridging traditional knowledge with modern innovations, we can create more resilient and sustainable water systems that respect and preserve cultural heritage.
Climate change poses unprecedented threats to cultural heritage sites worldwide, particularly those near water bodies or in flood-prone areas. Rising sea levels, increased flooding, and severe droughts are endangering irreplaceable historical and cultural landmarks.
Mohenjo-daro: Protecting Ancient Ruins from Flood and Salt
The ancient Indus Valley city of Mohenjo-daro in Pakistan faces dual threats from flooding and salt encrustation. In response to these challenges, conservationists have implemented several protective measures. Firstly, they have installed improved drainage systems to mitigate flood damage. Additionally, they have applied mud slurry to the walls to prevent salt damage. Consequently, these actions highlight the critical need for ongoing, adaptive management strategies for heritage sites. Furthermore, the situation at Mohenjo-daro serves as a prime example of the complex challenges that ancient sites encounter in the face of environmental threats.
Mohenjo-daro, known as the “City of Mounds,” stands as a remarkable archaeological site in Sindh, Pakistan. Built around 2500 BCE, it served as a major urban center of the Indus Civilization. The site showcases sophisticated urban planning, evident in its grid-like street layout and advanced drainage systems. Situated on the banks of the Indus River, Mohenjo-daro continues to intrigue archaeologists and historians with its mysterious past and impressive architectural achievements.
Venice: A City Under Siege
Venice, with its unique architecture and rich history, faces existential threats from rising sea levels and more frequent flooding. The MOSE project, a system of mobile gates designed to protect the city from high tides, represents a large-scale engineering solution to this challenge. However, it also raises questions about the long-term sustainability of such interventions.
Angkor: Managing Water in a Changing Climate
The temples of Angkor in Cambodia, once the center of a sophisticated water management system, now face challenges from both floods and droughts. Conservation efforts focus on restoring ancient water systems and implementing new drainage solutions, showcasing how understanding historical water management can inform modern conservation strategies.
Angkor, the capital city of the Khmer Empire from the 9th to the 15th centuries, is located in present-day Cambodia and is renowned for its stunning temples, including the iconic Angkor Wat. This UNESCO World Heritage Site showcases the grandeur of Khmer architecture and an intricate water management system that supported a large population. Once the largest pre-industrial city in the world, Angkor is a testament to the ingenuity of its builders and remains a vital cultural and historical landmark, attracting millions of visitors each year.
These examples highlight the urgent need for innovative water management strategies to protect our cultural heritage as climate change poses unprecedented threats to cultural heritage sites worldwide. By combining traditional knowledge with modern technology, we can develop more effective and culturally appropriate conservation methods.
Throughout history, civilizations have developed ingenious ways to manage water resources. These ancient techniques not only showcase our ancestors’ ingenuity but also offer valuable lessons for modern water management.
Roman Aqueducts: Engineering Marvels
The Roman aqueduct system, spanning over 400 km at its peak, demonstrates the power of gravity-fed water distribution. These structures transported water from distant sources to urban centers, supporting large populations and complex societies. Today, we can learn from their efficient design and use of natural gradients to minimize energy use in water transportation.
Persian Qanats: Sustainable Groundwater Management
Qanats, underground canal systems developed in ancient Persia, offer insights into sustainable groundwater extraction. These systems tapped into aquifers and used gravity to transport water over long distances without pumps. The qanat system teaches us about the importance of working with natural hydrogeological conditions and the value of slow, steady water extraction to maintain aquifer health.
Aztec Chinampas: Integrating Agriculture and Water Management
The Aztec chinampas, or “floating gardens,” represent an innovative approach to integrating agriculture with water management. Built in shallow lake beds, these raised fields increased agricultural productivity while managing water levels. This system highlights the potential for multifunctional landscapes that address food security and water management simultaneously.
By studying and adapting these ancient techniques, we can develop more resilient and sustainable water management systems for the future. The preservation of this knowledge is crucial not just for our cultural heritage, but for inspiring innovative solutions to modern water challenges.
Unlocking Sustainable Solutions: AQUA Legacy’s Commitment to the Environment
At AQUA Legacy, we recognize the urgent need to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable practices. As environmental consultants, we are dedicated to empowering individuals, businesses, and communities to make informed decisions that minimize their ecological footprint and contribute to a greener future.
Expertise Tailored to Your Needs
Comprehensive environmental assessments and audits
Sustainable resource management and conservation strategies
Regulatory compliance and policy advisory services
Transforming Visions into Reality
With our team of experienced environmental specialists, AQUA Legacy offers innovative solutions that not only meet your sustainability goals but also drive positive change. We are committed to collaborating with you to develop tailored strategies that balance environmental preservation and economic growth, ensuring a brighter future for all.
At AQUA Legacy, we are committed to providing comprehensive environmental consulting services that empower our clients to make informed decisions and take meaningful actions towards a more sustainable future. As an environmental consultant, our role is to help businesses and individuals navigate the complex landscape of environmental regulations, identify innovative strategies to reduce their carbon footprint, and implement eco-friendly practices that contribute to the preservation of our planet.
Transforming Challenges into Opportunities
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Our Expertise, Your Advantage
At AQUA Legacy, we pride ourselves on our team of highly skilled and experienced environmental consultants. From regulatory compliance to sustainable resource management, we offer a wide range of services tailored to the unique needs of our clients. Our in-depth knowledge of environmental best practices, combined with a strong focus on innovation, allows us to deliver practical solutions that not only address current challenges but also anticipate and prepare for future needs.
Discover the Sustainable Impact of AQUA Legacy’s Environmental Consultancy
At AQUA Legacy, we are dedicated to crafting innovative solutions that address the evolving environmental challenges faced by our clients. As an esteemed environmental consultant, we leverage our expertise to help organizations and individuals navigate the complexities of environmental compliance, resource management, and sustainable development.
Empowering Sustainable Change
Comprehensive environmental assessments and impact analyses
Strategic planning for sustainable resource utilization
Implementation of eco-friendly practices and technologies
Testimonials from Satisfied Clients
“AQUA Legacy’s environmental consultancy has been instrumental in helping our organization achieve its sustainability goals. Their team’s in-depth knowledge and personalized approach have been invaluable.” – Jane Doe, Sustainability Manager
AQUA Legacy – Environmental Expertise for a Sustainable Future
At AQUA Legacy, we are passionate about crafting innovative solutions that protect and preserve our natural environment. As environmental consultants, we leverage our deep expertise to help businesses and communities implement sustainable practices and minimise their ecological footprint. Our comprehensive services span environmental impact assessments, resource management strategies, and tailored sustainability initiatives – all designed to create a more resilient and eco-friendly future.
Empowering Sustainable Change
Promoting Community Engagement: we actively involve local communities in our water management projects. By fostering community participation, we ensure that our solutions are not only sustainable but also culturally appropriate. This approach helps preserve traditional knowledge and practices, creating a sense of ownership and long-term commitment to environmental stewardship.
Integrating Traditional and Modern Practices: we bridge traditional knowledge with modern innovations to develop effective water management strategies. For instance, we have revived ancient rainwater harvesting techniques in regions like Rajasthan, India, combining them with contemporary hydrological insights. This integration enhances water availability and promotes sustainable resource use.
Implementing Adaptive Management Strategies: we focus on adaptive management strategies to address the dynamic challenges posed by climate change. By continuously monitoring and adjusting our approaches, we ensure that our interventions remain effective under changing environmental conditions. This flexibility is crucial for protecting vulnerable ecosystems and cultural heritage sites from the impacts of climate change.
Through these initiatives, AQUALegacy empowers sustainable change by promoting community engagement, integrating traditional and modern practices, and implementing adaptive management strategies. Together, we can create a more resilient and sustainable future that respects and preserves our cultural and natural heritage.
Driving a Greener Tomorrow
Through our unwavering commitment to environmental stewardship, AQUA Legacy is dedicated to empowering businesses, communities, and individuals to embrace sustainable practices that safeguard our planet. Let us work together to create a greener, more resilient future for all.
